土木工程专业英语lesson2.pptVIP

English in Civil Engineering(土木工程专业英语) Lectured By Yue Jianwei 主讲:岳建伟 civil001@yahoo.cn §2 Building and Architecture Cultural background introduction 课程学习指南： 1. New words analysis Encompass=en+compass Identical, identity, identify Illumination 词根：lumin、phot(o)——光,如luminous(发光的), Parlance 词根：parl——说、谈，parley(座谈)，parliament（议会） Dominant=dominate+ant 词根：ant——人或物或属于…的，coolant（冷却剂），pollutant(污染物)，participant(参与者)=participate+ant Repetition（n.）←repeat Intermediate(中间体，中间的)=inter(…之间的)+mediate The purpose of a building is to provide a shelter for the performance of human activities. From the time of the cave dwellers to the present, one of the first needs of man has been a shelter from the elements. In a more general sense, the art of building encompasses all of man’s efforts to control its environment and direct natural forces to his own needs. This art includes, in addition to buildings, all the civil engineering structures such as dams, canals, tunnels, aqueducts, and bridges. The scientific basis for the design of buildings as shelters and for the design of civil engineering structures for other purposes is identical. It is only as a result of the specialized requirements of our modern society that these two fields have developed along separate paths. In a similar manner, the master builder concerned with the building as a shelter is no longer an individual ; instead , his work is done by a team of several specialist: the planner , the architect , the engineer , and the builder．The execution of a modern building depends on the collective talents of this team. The form of a building is an outgrowth of its function, its environment, and various socioeconomic factors. An apartment building, an office building, and a school differ in form because of the difference in the functions they fulfill. In an apartment building every habitable space, such as living rooms and bedrooms, must have natural light from windows wh