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coal chemistry and morphology of thar reserves,pakistan煤化学和形态的塔尔储备,巴基斯坦
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2012, 11, 817-824
Published Online August 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jmmce)
Coal Chemistry and Morphology of Thar Reserves,
Pakistan
1 2* 3
Anila Sarwar , M. Nasiruddin Khan , Kaniz Fizza Azhar
1Fuel Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research, Karachi, Pakistan
2Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
3Scientific Information Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific Industrial Research, Karachi, Pakistan
*
Email: anila_chm@, nasiruk@.pk, kanizfizza@
Received May 5, 2012; revised June 21, 2012; accepted July 9, 2012
ABSTRACT
The surface of Thar coal has been characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic and chemical methods using atomic ab-
sorption spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanned electron microscopy and pH titra-
tion. The samples contained high moisture, low volatile and low to moderate sulfur content and ranked as lignite (heat-
ing value 2541 - 4289 kcal/kg on moist, mineral-matter-free basis). Scanned electron micrographs show porous matrix
with calcium, potassium or sodium minerals. Fourier transform infrared analysis also confirmed the presence of alumi-
num, silica and hydrate mineral constituents. The spectra showed C=C aromatic groups at 1604 - 1609 cm–1 . Phenolic
ester and carboxylic acid are identified by C=O stretching vibration peaks at 1702 cm–1 . The peaks of quartz and kaolin-
ite were observed at 900 - 1100 cm–1 . Point of zer
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