asymptotic formulas and critical exponents for two-parameter nonlinear eigenvalue problems渐近公式和两个参数非线性特征值问题的关键指数.pdfVIP

ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAS AND CRITICAL EXPONENTS FOR TWO-PARAMETER NONLINEAR EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS TETSUTARO SHIBATA Received 17 January 2002 q p We study the nonlinear two-parameter problem −u (x ) + λu (x ) = µu (x ) , u(x ) 0, x ∈ (0, 1), u(0) = u(1) = 0. Here, 1 q p are constants and λ,µ 0 are parameters. We establish precise asymptotic formulas with exact second term for variational eigencurve µ (λ) as λ → ∞. We emphasize that the critical case con- cerning the decaying rate of the second term is p = (3q − 1)/ 2 and this kind of criticality is new for two-parameter problems. 1. Introduction We consider the following nonlinear two-parameter problem: q p −u (x ) +λu (x ) = µu (x ) , x ∈ I = (0, 1), u(x ) 0, x ∈ I, (1.1) u(0) = u(1) = 0, where 1 q p and λ,µ 0 are parameters. The purpose of this paper is to establish the asymptotic formulas for the eigencurve µ = µ (λ) with the exact second term as λ → ∞ by using a variational method. We also establish the critical relationship between p and q from a view- point of the decaying rate of the second term of µ (λ). The study of two-parameter eigenvalue problems began with the oscillation theory and has been investigated by many authors. We refer to [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] and the references therein. One of the main problems in this area is to analyze the structure of the solution set {(λ,µ,u)} of (1.1), and the effective approach to this problem is to study the structure of the set Sλ,µ := {(λ,µ, u )} ⊂ R3 for large λ. In Shibata [7], by using a standard variational p +1 framework (see Section 2), the variational eigencurve µ = µ (λ) was defined