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changes in the institutional context of the ombudsman system in the republic of hungary in 2012申诉专员制度的制度环境的变化在2012年匈牙利共和国
Beijing Law Review, 2012, 3, 112-120
/10.4236/blr.2012.33015 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/blr)
Changes in the Institutional Context of the Ombudsman
System in the Republic of Hungary in 2012
Máté Szabó
Faculty of Political Sciences, Eotvos Lorand University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Email: szabo.mate@ajbh.hu
Received June 8th, 2012; revised July 10th, 2012; accepted July 22nd, 2012
ABSTRACT
After the landslide electoral victory of the Fidesz-KDNP in 2010, the new Hungarian government with a two-thirds
majority in Parliament adopted a new Constitution which significantly modified the previous institutional structure.
Written by the former Commissioner for Civil Rights (as the Ombudsman of general competence used to be called) who
is now Commissioner for Fundamental Rights, this article describes, analyses and evaluates the changes which termi-
nated the previous Ombudsman system consisting of four Commissioners and established an independent authority to
uphold information rights on the one hand, and a unified Ombudsman structure with increased responsibilities and
powers on the other hand.
Keywords: Hungary; Ombudsman; Transformation; Constitutional Law
1. Introduction or organ performing public services have caused them a
constitutional rights-related injury, or that an imminent
After the democratic transition in 1989 the former Com-
danger thereof exists.
munist states tried to use every institutional arrangement
The Act of 1993 states that anybody may apply to the
to secure and stabilize the culture of human rights within
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