characterizing rhizodegradation of the insecticide bifenthrin in two soil types描述rhizodegradation杀虫剂联苯两种土壤类型.pdfVIP

Journal of Environmental Protection, 2011, 2, 940-946 doi:10.4236/jep.2011.27107 Published Online September2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jep) Characterizing Rhizodegradation of the Insecticide Bifenthrin in Two Soil Types * Xuan Le, Dafeng Hui, Emmanuel Kudjo Dzantor College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, USA. * E-mail: edzantor@ Received May 24th, 2011; revised July 8th, 2011; accepted August 19th, 2011. ABSTRACT Rhizodegradation is a process by which plant-supplied substrates stimulate microbial populations in plant root zones (rhizospheres) to cause removal of undesirable levels of contaminants in soil. This study characterized rhizodegrada- tion of the insecticide bifenthrin in Armour silt loam and Sullivan fine sandy loam soils that were planted with switch- grass, big bluestem, and alfalfa. After six weeks in soils, plate dilution frequency assays (PDFA) of bacterial popula- tions were higher in all planted soils than in unplanted ones. Planted Sullivan soils contained higher bacteria than cor- responding Armour soils and alfalfa rhizospheres of both soil types contained highest bacteria. Bacterial populations generally increased between week 6 and week 10, before declining in each treatment at week 12. Carbon utilization patterns (CUP) of bacterial communities , measured as color development on BIOLOG plates, were higher in planted soils than in unplanted ones. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) constructed patterns based on different extents of color development; these patterns were used to relate microbial communities in the different treatments. Gas chroma- tography (GC-ECD) showed that significantly more bifenthrin dissipated in planted soils than unplanted ones. Different levels of bifenthrin were recovered in planted soils but the differences were generally not significant. Data are being ev