cost and emissions implications of coupling wind and solar power成本和排放的影响耦合风能和太阳能.pdfVIP

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2012, 3, 308-315 /10.4236/sgre.2012.34041 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/sgre) Cost and Emissions Implications of Coupling Wind and Solar Power Seth Blumsack, Kelsey Richardson John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA. Email: blumsack@ Received July 11th, 2012; revised August 22nd, 2012; accepted August 30th, 2012 ABSTRACT We assess the implications on long-run average energy production costs and emissions of CO and some criteria pol- 2 lutants from coupling wind, solar and natural gas generation sources. We utilize five-minute meteorological data from a US location that has been estimated to have both high-quality wind and solar resources, to simulate production of a coupled generation system that produces a constant amount of electric energy. The natural gas turbine is utilized to pro- vide fill-in energy for the coupled wind/solar system, and is compared to a base case where the gas turbine produces a constant power output. We assess the impacts on variability of coupled wind and solar over multiple time scales, and compare this variability with regional demand in a nearby load center, and find that coupling wind and solar does de- crease variability of output. The cost analysis found that wind energy with gas back-up has a lower levelized cost of energy than using gas energy alone, resulting in production savings. Adding solar energy to the coupled system in- creases levelized cost of energy production; this cost is not made up by any reductions in emissions costs. Keywords: Wind Energy; Solar Energy; Air Emissions 1. Introduction lary services can b