double-dual -types over banach spaces not containing在巴拿赫空间不包含double-dual类型.pdfVIP

IJMMS 2004:33, 1747–1755 PII. S0161171204211152 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. DOUBLE-DUAL n-TYPES OVER BANACH SPACES NOT CONTAINING 1 MARKUS POMPER Received 6 November 2002 Let E be a Banach space. The concept of n-type over E is introduced here, generalizing the concept of type over E introduced by Krivine and Maurey. Let E be the second dual of E and fix g ,...,g ∈ E . The function τ : E × Rn → R, defined by letting τ(x,a1,...,an ) = 1 n x +n a g for all x ∈ E and all a1,...,an ∈ R, defines an n-type over E . Types that can i=1 i i be represented in this way are called double-dual n-types; we say that (g ,...,g ) ∈ (E )n 1 n realizes τ . Let E be a (not necessarily separable) Banach space that does not contain 1. We study the set of elements of (E )n that realize a given double-dual n-type over E . We show that the set of realizations of this n-type is convex. This generalizes a result of Haydon and Maurey who showed that the set of realizations of a given 1-type over a separable Banach space E is convex. The proof makes use of Henson’s language for normed space structures and uses ideas from mathematical logic, most notably the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46B04, 46B20. 1. Introduction. We first give a definition of n-types over Banach spaces and show how this definition generalizes the definition of type given by Krivine and Maurey. ¯ n n For every x = (x1,...,xn ) ∈ E , define τ ¯ : E × R → R by setting x n