ch04_酸碱滴定法.pdf

鍒嗘瀽鍖栧 鑽墿鍒嗘瀽鏁欑爺瀹 閭撴捣灞 1 鍐呭鎻愯 閰哥⒈璐ㄥ瓙鐞嗚 婧舵恫涓吀纰辩粍鍒嗙殑鍒嗗竷 閰哥⒈婧舵恫涓璸H鐨勮绠 閰哥⒈鎸囩ず鍓 閰哥⒈婊村畾娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊 闈炴按婧舵恫涓殑閰哥⒈婊村畾 2 閰哥⒈璐ㄥ瓙鐞嗚 鐢电 閰革細鑳界數绂诲嚭H+ 鐨勭墿璐 鐞嗚 纰憋細鑳界數绂诲嚭OH鈭 鐨勭墿璐 璐ㄥ瓙 閰革細鑳界粰鍑鸿川瀛愮殑鐗╄川 鐞嗚 纰憋細鑳芥帴鍙楄川瀛愮殑鐗╄川 3 璐ㄥ瓙鐞嗚涓吀纰辩殑鐗规€ 鍏辫江鎬 鈥 HA 鈬 H+ + A鈭 锛堥吀纰卞崐鍙嶅簲锛 鐩稿鎬 鈥 H2CO3 鈬 H+ + HCO鈭 锛堢⒈锛 3 鈥 HCO鈭 锛堥吀锛夆噷 H+ + CO2鈭 3 3 骞挎硾鎬 鈥 涓€у垎瀛愩€侀槼绂诲瓙銆侀槾绂诲瓙 鈥 闈炴按婧跺墏 4 璐ㄥ瓙鐞嗚涓吀纰辩殑鐗规€ 鍏辫江鎬 鈥 HA 鈬 H+ + A鈭 锛堥吀纰卞崐鍙嶅簲锛 鐩稿鎬 鈥 H2CO3 鈬 H+ + HCO鈭 锛堢⒈锛 鈭 + 3 2鈭 涓ゆ€х墿璐 鈥 HCO3 锛堥吀锛夆噷 H + CO3 骞挎硾鎬 鈥 涓€у垎瀛愩€侀槼绂诲瓙銆侀槾绂诲瓙 鈥 闈炴按婧跺墏 5 閰哥⒈鍙嶅簲鐨勫疄璐 閱嬮吀鍦ㄦ按涓殑瑙ｇ 鈥 HAc(閰? + H2O(纰? 鈬 H3O+ (閰? + Ac 鈭 (纰? 鍏辫江閰哥⒈瀵 鍗婂弽搴? 鈥 HAc 鈬 H+ + Ac 鈭 鍗婂弽搴? 鈥 H+ + H2O 鈬 H3O+ 6 閰哥⒈鍙嶅簲鐨勫疄璐 姘ㄥ湪姘翠腑鐨勮В绂 鈥 NH3 (纰? + H2O(閰? 鈬 OH鈭 (纰? + NH+ (閰? 4 鍏辫江閰哥⒈瀵 鍗婂弽搴? 鈥 NH3 + H+ 鈬 NH+ 4 鍗婂弽搴? 鈥 H2O 鈬 OH鈭 + H+ 7 閰哥⒈鍙嶅簲鐨勫疄璐 閰哥⒈鍗婂弽搴斾笉鑳藉崟鐙彂鐢 閰哥⒈鍙嶅簲鏄袱瀵瑰叡杞吀纰卞鍏卞悓浣滅敤鐨勭粨鏋 閰哥⒈鍙嶅簲鐨勫疄璐ㄦ槸璐ㄥ瓙鐨勮浆绉 8 婧跺墏鐨勮川瀛愯嚜閫掑弽搴