《鹿特丹规则》下批量合同中的契约自由.pdfVIP

.65. 2015 年第 6 期 法律科学(西北政法大学学报) 文章编号: 1674 - 5205 (2015) 06∞65-( ∞8) 《鹿特丹规则》下批量合同中的契约自由 胡绪雨 (南开大学法学院，天津 3∞071 ) 〔摘 要〕 海上货物运输合同中船货双方谈判实力趋向平等的现实，直接动摇了强制性规则存在的基础与价 值，使得《鹿特丹规则》对于具有长期合作性和平等谈判实力的新型合同模式(批量合同)能够采取契约自由，偏离 强制性规则的规定，以构建一个整体上有实效，但应受到一种最低限度航运安全或公共秩序限制的航运秩序。尽 管对批量合同中契约自由存在争议和分歧，但班轮运输合同受合同法一般原则的规制，或许代表了当今海上货物 运输合同理论的发展和强制性体制的发展趋势。 〔关键词〕 批量合同;契约自由;契约正义;强制规则 Abstract: This article discusses the degree between freedom of contract under volume contracts and compulsoηm­ tervention. Despite the need to protect the owners interest , there is a basis in expanding the set of non - mandatory rules of law of carriage of goods by sea. The equality trend of the negotiations forces of both ship and cargo in the sea goods trans- port contract , directly shakes the existing bases and value of the mandatory rules. For new contract mode (bulk contract) with long - term c∞peration and equal negotiations forces , the Rouerdam rules can make provisions on contract free , and deviated from mandatory rules , which in order to build a shipping order with an overall effectiveness , but limits by a mini- mum degree of shipping security or public order. Although the陀町e many disputes and differences to the contractual free- dom existed in the volume contract , it probably represents the development of the theo巧。f the contract of c缸riage of goods by sea and trends of compulsory system 出at the regulation of liner shipping contracts are govemed by the general principles of contract law. Key Words:volume contract; freedom of contract ,contract justice; mandatory