传热学简答题中英文版.docxVIP

对流换热表面传热系数的定义，与什么有关。牛顿冷却公式----------- 对流换热包括热对流和热传导，它与流动状态是层流还是紊流，流体性质，流动性质（自然对流还是强制对流），表面材料形状，面积大小和性质等有关，还与换热是否相变有关。Newtons cooling equation ----------- include convection heat convection and heat conduction, and its flow is laminar or turbulent state of fluid properties, flow properties (natural convection or forced convection), the surface shape of the material , size and nature, but also on whether the phase change heat related.角系数一个表面投射到另一个表面的能量占总投射能的份额。性质：可换性，完整性，可加性。纯几何因子条件：物体表面是漫反射表面且等强辐射，定向辐射强度与方向无关。Onto the surface to a surface energy of another share of the total energy of the projection. Nature: interchangeable, integrity, additive.Pure geometric factor conditions: the surface is diffuse surface and other strong radiation, the radiation intensity and direction of orientation-independent.边界层中温度变化率的绝对值何处最大，对于一定换热温差的同一流体，为何能用温度梯度的绝对值大小来判断表面传热系数的大小。流体壁面处最大。由公式————————在表面积和温差恒定时，温度梯度越大，h越大。Fluid wall at maximum. And the surface area by the formula -------- constant temperature difference, the larger the temperature gradient, h is.解释：暖房的“温室效应”？答：物体表面的单色吸收率随波长变化的特性称为物体表面对波长（光谱）的选择性。暖房：当太阳光照射到玻璃上时，玻璃对波长小于2.2μm的辐射能吸收比很小、穿透比很大，从而使大部分太阳能可以进入到暖房内。暖房中的物体温度低，辐射能绝大部分位于红外区，而玻璃对于波长大于3μm的辐射能吸收比很大、穿透比很小，阻止了辐射能向暖房外的散失。The absorption rate of the surface color varies with wavelength selectivity to the surface characteristics of known wavelength (spectrum). Conservatory: When sunlight shines on the glass, the glass is less than 2.2μm wavelength of radiation absorption ratio is small, the penetration ratio is large, so make the most of solar energy can enter into the conservatory. Objects greenhouse temperature is low, the majority located in the infrared region of radiation, while the glass for wavelengths greater than 3μm radiant energy absorption ratio is large, the penetration ratio is small, preventing the loss of radiant energy to the outside of the greenhouse.由导热微分方程可知，非稳态导热只与热扩散率有关，而与导热系数无关。你认为对吗??答：由于描述一个导热问题的完整数学描写不仅包括控制方程，还包括定解条件。所以虽然非稳态导热的控制方程只与热扩散率有关，但边界条件中却有可能包括导