英国学科重点中学政策之发展与争议.PDF

教育資料集刊第四十二輯──2009 各國中等教育 203 英國學科重點中學政策之 發展與爭議 林永豐* 摘要 學科重點中學原本並非工黨的教育政策，而其不再堅持所有中學都應該是 「非選擇性」的理念，更有異於傳統工黨教育政策的基本價值。然而，工黨於 2001 年大選再次獲勝後，開始大力推動學科重點中學政策。至2009 年止，已 有88%的公立學校發展出學科重點，可見，學科重點中學堪稱歷年來英國中等 教育最徹底的改革之一。本文採用文件分析官方文獻與報告書，也綜合討論主 要之研究報告與評論，期掌握學科重點中學的發展與內涵。本文發現，工黨政 府促使學科重點中學政策從萌芽到發展、從發展到普及，更藉由此一政策挹注 大筆的經費，推動中等教育的現代化。學科重點中學的爭議雖然不少，但在工 / 黨政府的經營下，的確超越了文法綜合中學的傳統爭議，也大幅改變英國中等 教育的形貌。 學科重點中學、英國中等教育、教育政策 *林永豐，國立中正大學課程研究所副教授 電子郵件：arthur@.tw 2009 5 5 2009 5 6 2009 6 16 來稿日期： 年 月 日；修訂日期： 年 月 日；採用日期： 年 月 日 204 英國學科重點中學政策之發展與爭議 The Development of Secondary Education in England: Policy and Its Critics of the Specialist School Programme Yung-Feng Lin* Abstract The specialist schools policy was originally proposed by the Conservative government. The idea of allowing schools to choose up to 10%of their student intake is also a contrast to the non-selective principle of comprehensive schools highlighted by the Labour par- ty. However, the New Labour Party has steadily promoted the specialist schools pro- gramme since their first administration in 1997 and 2001. Up to 2009, 88% of state schools were awarded specialist status. It has gradually been proved that the Specialist Programme is becoming one of the overhaul reforms in secondary education in England. This paper investigates the development and content of the specialist school policy, out- lines relative plans, and analyses the controversy around the policy. According the analyses, following the Labour administration, specialist schools have become the main ty