(财政学罗森第九版英文课件)Chap013Expenditure Programs for the Poor.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 13-* 13-* CHAPTER 13 Expenditure Programs for the Poor Copyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin A Quick Look at Welfare Spending Means-tested Cash versus in-kind assistance Anti-poverty impact of non-means-tested programs TANF Aid to Families with Dependent Children (1935-96) TANF-Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (1996-?) No entitlement Time limits Work requirement Block grants to states Benefit reduction rates Work Incentives B = G – tE B = 0 if E = G/t 0 The Basic Trade-offs G – basic grant if not working t – rate at which grant reduced when recipient earns money B – benefit received w* Analysis of Work Incentives Hours of leisure per month Income per month 0 T a Time Endowment D |Slope| = w b c 2w Analysis of Work Incentives Hours of leisure per month Income per month 0 T D |Slope| = w i ii iii E1 F G Leisure Work Income Analysis of Work Incentives Hours of leisure per month Income per month (= earnings + transfers) 0 T D |Slope| = w Q F G S $100 V |Slope| = 3/4w K Hours before TANF Hours after TANF Analysis of Work Incentives Hours of leisure per month Income per month (= earnings + transfers) 0 T D P F G $338 R P1 Budget constraint with t = 100% S 0 hours of work selected Analysis of Work Incentives Hours of leisure per month Income per month (= earnings + transfers) 0 T D P M G R E2 Hours worked Work Requirements Workfare TANF Mandated work Time Limits Lifetime Per spell of welfare Family Structure Marriage Childbearing National versus State Administration Race to the Bottom State experimentation Earned Income Tax Credit This example is for 2008 for a married couple with two or more children. Empirical Evidence: The Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Labor Supply Labor force participation Work hours Supplemental Security Income SSI versus conventional welfare Uniform minimum federal guarantee Benefit levels Work incentives Medicaid How Medicaid