datpatp, a multifunctional nucleotide, stimulates bacterial cell lysis, extracellular dna release and biofilm development多功能核苷酸datpatp,刺激细菌细胞溶菌作用,细胞外的dna释放和生物膜的发展.pdfVIP

dATP/ATP, a Multifunctional Nucleotide, Stimulates Bacterial Cell Lysis, Extracellular DNA Release and Biofilm Development Chuanwu Xi*, Jianfeng Wu Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Abstract Background: Signaling by extracellular adenosine 59-triphosphase (eATP) is very common for cell-to-cell communication in many basic patho-physiological development processes. Rapid release of ATP into the extracellular environment from distressed or injured eukaryotic cells due to pathogens or other etiological factors can serve as a ‘‘danger signal’’, activating host innate immunity. However, little is known about how or whether pathogenic bacteria respond to this ‘‘danger signal’’. Methods and Principal Findings: Here we report that extracellular dATP/ATP can stimulate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation via increased cell lysis and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release. We demonstrate that extracellular dATP/ATP also stimulates bacterial adherence in vitro to human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusions and Significance: These data suggest that bacteria may sense extracellular dATP/ATP as a signal of ‘‘danger’’ and form biofilms to protect them from host innate immunity. This study reveals a very important and unrecognized phenomenon that both bacteria and host cells could respond to a common important signal molecule in a race to adapt to the presence of one another. We propose that extracellular dATP/ATP functions as an ‘‘inter-domain’’ warning signal that serves to induce protective measures in both Bacterial and Eukaryotic cells. Citation: Xi C, Wu J (2010) dATP/ATP, a Multifunctional Nucleotide, Stimulates Bacterial Cell Lysis, Extracellular DNA Release and Biofilm Development. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13355. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013355 Editor: Chaoyang Xue, Universit