deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystem research during the census of marine life decade and beyond a proposed deep-ocean road map深水化学合成的生态系统研究海洋生物普查十年及以后期间提出深海路线图.pdfVIP

Review Deep-Water Chemosynthetic Ecosystem Research during the Census of Marine Life Decade and Beyond: A Proposed Deep-Ocean Road Map 1 2 3 3 Christopher R. German , Eva Ramirez-Llodra *, Maria C. Baker , Paul A. Tyler , and the ChEss Scientific Steering Committee ` 1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Institut de Ciencies del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones ´ Cientıficas, Barcelona, Spain, 3 School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom The ChEss project of the Census of Marine Life (2002–2010) Following the discoveries at the Galapagos vents in 1977, it was helped foster internationally-coordinated studies worldwide focus- recognized that chemosynthetic ecosystems could also be sustained ing on exploration for, and characterization of new deep-sea in other chemically reducing seafloor environments, such as at chemosynthetic ecosystem sites. This work has advanced our cold seeps along passive and active margins [4] and in association understanding of the nature and factors controlling the biogeog- with large organic falls such as wood falls [5], whale skeletons [6– raphy and biodiversity of these ecosystems in four geographic 7] and, following pioneering work by Gallardo et al. [8], even in locations: the Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), the New Zealand oxygen minimum zones (reviewed in [9]). In all cases, w