effect of host species on the distribution of mutational fitness effects for an rna virus影响宿主物种的分布对rna病毒突变的健身效果.pdfVIP

Effect of Host Species on the Distribution of Mutational Fitness Effects for an RNA Virus ´ 1 ´ 1 1,2 Jasna Lalic , Jose M. Cuevas , Santiago F. Elena * ´ ´ ´ ` 1 Instituto de Biologıa Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas–Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 2 The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America Abstract Knowledge about the distribution of mutational fitness effects (DMFE) is essential for many evolutionary models. In recent years, the properties of the DMFE have been carefully described for some microorganisms. In most cases, however, this information has been obtained only for a single environment, and very few studies have explored the effect that environmental variation may have on the DMFE. Environmental effects are particularly relevant for the evolution of multi- host parasites and thus for the emergence of new pathogens. Here we characterize the DMFE for a collection of twenty single-nucleotide substitution mutants of Tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) across a set of eight host environments. Five of these host species were naturally infected by TEV, all belonging to family Solanaceae, whereas the other three were partially susceptible hosts belonging to three other plant families. First, we found a significant virus genotype-by-host species interaction, which was sustained by differences in genetic variance for fitness and the pleiotropic effect of mutations among hosts. Second, we found that the DMFEs were markedly different between Solanaceae and non-Solanaceae