no evidence for natural selection on endogenous borna-like nucleoprotein elements after the divergence of old world and new world monkeys没有证据表明对自然选择内生borna-like核蛋白质元素后的散度旧世界和新世界猴.pdfVIP

No Evidence for Natural Selection on Endogenous Borna- Like Nucleoprotein Elements after the Divergence of Old World and New World Monkeys 1 2,3 2,3 1 Yuki Kobayashi , Masayuki Horie , Keizo Tomonaga , Yoshiyuki Suzuki * 1 Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, 2 Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (BIKEN), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 3 Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Abstract Endogenous Borna-like nucleoprotein (EBLNs) elements were recently discovered as non-retroviral RNA virus elements derived from bornavirus in the genomes of various animals. Most of EBLNs appeared to be defective, but some of primate EBLN-1 to -4, which appeared to be originated from four independent integrations of bornavirus nucleoprotein (N) gene, have retained an open reading frame (ORF) for more than 40 million years. It was therefore possible that primate EBLNs have encoded functional proteins during evolution. To examine this possibility, natural selection operating on all ORFs of primate EBLN-1 to -4 was examined by comparing the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. The expected number of premature termination codons in EBLN-1 generated after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys under the selective neutrality was also examined by the Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, natural selection was not identified for the entire region as well as parts of ORFs in the pairwise analysis of primate EBLN-1 to -4 and for any branch of the phylogenetic trees for EBLN-1 to -4 after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys. Computer simulation also indicated that the absence of premature termination codon in the present-