shaping successful and unsuccessful cd8 t cell responses following infection感染后塑造成功和不成功的cd8 t细胞反应.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2010, Article ID 159152, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2010/159152 Review Article Shaping Successful and Unsuccessful CD8 T Cell Responses Following Infection Maureen A. Cox and Allan J. Zajac Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Allan J. Zajac, azajac@uab.edu Received 26 November 2009; Accepted 22 January 2010 Academic Editor: Zhengguo Xiao Copyright © 2010 M. A. Cox and A. J. Zajac. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CD8 T cells play a vital role in the immunological protection against intracellular pathogens. Ideally, robust effector responses are induced, which eradicate the pathogen, and durable memory CD8 T cells are also established, which help confer protection against subsequent reinfection. The quality and magnitude of these responses is dictated by multiple factors, including their initial interactions with professional antigen-presenting cells, as well as the cytokine milieu and availability of CD4 T cell help. These factors set the transcriptional landscape of the responding T cells, which in turn influences their phenotypic and functional attributes as well as ultimate fate. Under certain conditions, such as during chronic infections, the development of these usually successful responses becomes subverted. Here we discuss advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular determinants of T cell quality, and the formation of effector, memory, and exhausted CD8 T cells, during acute and chronic infecti