sol-gel niobium pentoxide coatings applications to photovoltaic energy conversion and electrochromism溶胶-凝胶法五氧化二铌涂料应用的光伏能量转换和电镀铬.pdfVIP

Vol. 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2002 Sol-gel niobium pentoxide coatings: Applications to photovoltaic energy conversion and electrochromism Michel A. Aegerter,1,† Michael Schmitt,2,‡ and Yepin gGuo1 1Institut für Neue Materialien, INM, Department of Coating Technology, Gebaeude 43, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany 2DIN, Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Normenausschuss Materialpruefung (NMP), Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin Abstract. In the last decade the sol-gel process became a promisin gmethod to synthesize materials in form of coatings, nanoscale powders and porous systems. Several products or devices made with such a process already exist on the market. This paper briefly reviews the state of the art in the development of electrochromic coatings and devices and nanocrystalline solar cells achieved durin gthe last decade usin sol-gel derived pure and doped niobium pentoxide. 1. INTRODUCTION important application in the field of electrochromism, batteries, solar cells and catalysis [6]. Stoichiometric niobium oxides mainly exist in the form This paper summarizes the recent results ob- of NbO, Nb2O3 , NbO2 and α, β Nb2O5 [1]. Niobium tained in the field of electrochromism (Section 2) and pentoxide is however the most studied material. It has nanocrystalline solar cells, the so-called Graetzel cells been prepared by different methods such as oxidation (Section 3) with pure and doped niobium pentoxide pre- of metallic niobium in air, by hydrolyzin galkali-metal