synergistic antibacterial effects of polyphenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater协同抗菌作用的多酚类化合物的橄榄油厂废水.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011, Article ID 431021, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2011/431021 Research Article Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Polyphenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater Ahmed Tafesh,1 Naim Najami,1, 2 Jeries Jadoun,1 Fares Halahlih,1 Herbert Riepl,3 and Hassan Azaizeh1 1 The Institute of Applied Research (Affi liated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel 2 Department of Biology, The Academic Arab College of Education, Haifa 33145, Israel 3 Institute of Resource and Energy Technology, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Hassan Azaizeh, hazaizi@ Received 21 September 2010; Revised 26 January 2011; Accepted 16 February 2011 Copyright © 2011 Ahmed Tafesh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Polyphenols or phenolic compounds are groups of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and found in olive mill wastewater (OMW). Phenolic compounds as well as OMW extracts were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ). Most of the tested phenols were not effective against the four bacterial strains when tested as single compounds at concentrations of up to 1000 μg mL−1. Hydroxytyrosol at 400 μg mL−1 caused complete growth inhibition of the four strains. Gallic acid was effective at 200, and 400 μg mL−1 against S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, res