生理学教案第八章尿的生成与排出（Physiology lesson eighth the formation and excretion of urine）.docVIP

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生理学教案第八章尿的生成与排出（Physiology lesson eighth the formation and excretion of urine）.doc

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生理学教案第八章尿的生成与排出（Physiology lesson eighth the formation and excretion of urine）

生理学教案第八章尿的生成与排出（Physiology lesson eighth the formation and excretion of urine） The eighth chapter is the formation and excretion of urine (1) the function and structure of the kidney, the characteristics of the renal blood supply and the regulation of the renal blood flow 1. renal function: Regulation of water, osmotic pressure, electrolyte and acid-base balance during excretion. The kidney is the most important excretory organ of the body. It plays an important role in purifying the environment and maintaining the homeostasis of the body. Synthesis and secretion of a variety of biologically active substances such as renin, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, and vitamin D3 activation. 2. renal functional anatomy and renal blood flow (1) nephron (nephron) is the renal structure and basic functional unit. There are about 170-240 kidney units in the human kidney. The nephron, together with the collecting tube, completes the process of urine production. The collecting duct is not included in the nephron, but is functionally related to the distal convoluted tubule. Many collecting tubes are inserted into the nipple canal and opened at the small renal valve. At last, urine is stored in the bladder through the large renal pelvis, ureter and ureter. The nephron is divided into two units: cortical renal unit and proximal medullary nephron (i.e., medullary nephron). 1) cortical nephron The glomerular volume of cortical nephron is smaller, the diameter of target arteriole is thicker, the caliber of efferent arteriole is thinner, and the ratio of caliber is about 2:1. When the efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus, it is again divided into capillaries, almost all wrapped around the renal tubules of the cortex. Its pith loop is very short, only to the medulla, and some even less than the medulla. Such renal units are mainly distributed in the extra renal cortex and the middle cortex, accounting for about 85%~90% of the total number of renal units, mainly related to the formation