神经系统考纲精要（The nervous system of syllabus）.doc

神经系统考纲精要（The nervous system of syllabus） nervous system Syllabus requirements 1. general rules of neuronal activity: characteristics of nerve fiber conduction, velocity, classification of nerve fibers, and trophic function of nerves, functions of glial cells. 2. synaptic and synaptic transmission: the processes and principles of excitatory synapses and inhibitory synaptic transmission, presynaptic inhibition. Neurotransmitter. Characteristics of synaptic transmission. The concept of the 3. reflex center, the process of central excitation and inhibition. 4. sensory functions of the nervous system: Sensory specific and non-specific projection systems and their role in sensory formation. Sense of pain。 5., the nervous system regulates the movement of the body: the motor units of the skeletal muscles, stretch reflex, muscle tension and its regulation. The role of pyramidal system and extrapyramidal system in motor regulation, and the regulation of other parts of the central nervous system on exercise. 6., the nervous system regulates the visceral function: autonomic nervous system and its chemical transmission, the regulation of the lower brainstem to the visceral function, and the regulation of the hypothalamus on visceral activity. The advanced functions of the 7. brain: the formation and biological significance of conditioned reflexes, the characteristics of human conditioned reflexes. The verbal division of the cerebral cortex and the functional division of the cerebral hemispheres on both sides. 8., two sleep states and their characteristics. Essentials of syllabus Neuron and nerve fiber The 1. neuron, the nerve cell, is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The neuronal cell bodies and processes of two parts, the cell body is the center of neuronal metabolism and nutrition, protein synthesis can be divided into processes; dendrites and axons, dendrites are short, often more than one neuron dendrites, axons long, a neuron has only one. Som