第十三章 脂类代谢--王镜岩《生物化学》第三版笔记(完美打印版)（The thirteenth chapter, lipid metabolism - Wangs biochemistry third edition notes (perfect print edition)）.docVIP

第十三章 脂类代谢--王镜岩《生物化学》第三版笔记(完美打印版)（The thirteenth chapter, lipid metabolism - Wangs biochemistry third edition notes (perfect print edition)） The thirteenth chapter is lipid metabolism The first section is an overview I. physiological function (1) storing energy is 6 times as much as hydrated glycogen (two) structural components, phospholipids, cholesterol, etc. (three) bioactive substances, such as hormones, second messengers, vitamins, etc. Two, digestion and absorption (a) digestion: mainly in duodenum, pancreatic lipase has three kinds: triglyceride lipase hydrolysis, 2- single acyl glycerol to bile and total lipase activation, or bile acid inhibition; cholesterol esterase, generation of cholesterol and fatty acid; phospholipase A2, generate lysophospholipids and fatty acids. The main body of fat in food is triglyceride, which combines bile with bile salts to form micelles, in which triglyceride 70% is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase, and 20% is hydrolyzed by intestinal lipase into glycerol and fatty acids. The micelle gradually becomes smaller and 95% of bile salts are reabsorbed by the ileum. (two) absorption: the hydrolysis product was emulsified by passive diffusion into the bile, intestinal mucosal cells, on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum re esterification, before the formation of chylomicrons into Golgi saccharification, plus phospholipid and cholesterol shell, formation of chylomicrons into the blood by the lymphatic system. Glycerol and small molecule fatty acids (12 carbon below) can be inserted directly into the portal vein blood. (three) transport: triglyceride and cholesterol esters are transported by lipoproteins. In lipoproteins, hydrophobic lipids form the core and are surrounded by polar lipids and apolipoproteins to increase solubility. There are mainly 7 kinds of apolipoproteins, which are synthesized by liver and small intestine, which can dissolve hydrophobic lipids and transport them to specific tissues. 1. the transport of exogenous lipid b