输尿管结石的诊断方法（Diagnostic methods for ureteral calculi）.docVIP

输尿管结石的诊断方法（Diagnostic methods for ureteral calculi） 1. B (recommended) ultrasound examination is simple, economic, no trauma, ureteral calculi can be found more than 2mm (including negative stone, stone) understand the size and location of the collection system, expansion degree, thickness of renal cortex, provide a reference for the choice of treatment method, so it can be used as a routine method of ureteral calculi. For renal colic, iodine contrast agents allergy, pregnancy associated with stones, no urine, chronic renal dysfunction, can not be intravenous urography or CT urography, may be the first choice of B ultrasound examination. Because of the interference of abdominal viscera, B-mode ultrasonography is less sensitive to diagnosis of middle or lower ureteral calculi or upper ureteral calculi, so it is necessary to combine medical history or other examination methods to make a definite diagnosis. 2. abdominal plain film (KUB) (recommended), more than 90% of ureteral stones can be developed on the KUB. The location, shape, size and quantity of the stones can be roughly determined by KUB examination. According to the density of the stone on the plain film, the composition of the stone can be preliminarily determined. The developing degree of the various components of the stones on plain films were: calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, cystine stones, containing uric acid stones; pure uric acid stones and matrix calculus through X-ray, cannot be displayed on the KUB, called the light stone or stone. However, in clinical, the single component stones are rare, and most of them are mixed stones dominated by one component. Therefore, the density of stones on KUB is not necessarily uniform. High density on KUB and sometimes intra-abdominal some calcification such as gallstones, mesenteric lymph node calcification, vein stone differentiated, then underwent lateral radiographs or IVU. 3. intravenous urography (IVU) and IVU (re