高一必修二生物知识总结（High one, compulsory two biological knowledge summary）.docVIP

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高一必修二生物知识总结（High one, compulsory two biological knowledge summary）.doc

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高一必修二生物知识总结（High one, compulsory two biological knowledge summary）

高一必修二生物知识总结（High one, compulsory two biological knowledge summary） Biology required two knowledge summary I. The Basic Law of heredity (1) the law of segregation of genes The advantages of pea as a material: (1) pea can be strictly self pollinated, and it is closed pollinated and can maintain pure breed under natural conditions. (2) varieties have distinguishable characters. The artificial hybridization test process: (left pistils), emasculation bagging (anti interference), artificial pollination The genetic phenomena of a pair of relative traits: cross mating of a pair of relative characters, the offspring showed a phenotype, F1 generation selfing, F2 characters appeared separation, and the separation ratio was 3:1. The essence of the law: gene isolation in heterozygous cells, located in homologous chromosomes alleles of one, has certain independence, biology in meiosis, and separate alleles with homologous chromosomes were separated into two gametes, independently with gametes to offspring. (2) the law of free combination of genes () the genetic phenomenon of two pairs of relative characters controlled by two alleles: four homozygous pairs of parents with two pairs of relative traits crossed, and the offspring showed F1 phenotype. There is a four homozygous phenotypes, accounting for 1/16 in two generation respectively, accounted for 4/16; double dominant proportion of 9/16 accounted for the proportion of 1/16; double recessive; single heterozygous for 2/16 * 4=8/16; double heterozygous for 4/16; the proportion of each parent types 9/16 and 1/16; the proportion of each type of recombinant for 3/16, 3/16 The essence of the law of free combination of genes: the separation or combination of non allelic genes located on non homologous chromosomes is not interference. In meiosis, gametes are formed on the homologous chromosomes, while the non allelic genes on the non homologous chromosomes are free. The principle of the use of methods to cultivate new varieties free co