高考第一轮复习《化学选修4》 沉淀溶解平衡（The first round of the college entrance examination review chemistry elective 4 precipitation, dissolution, balance）.docVIP

高考第一轮复习《化学选修4》 沉淀溶解平衡（The first round of the college entrance examination review chemistry elective 4 precipitation, dissolution, balance） The first round of the college entrance examination review chemistry elective 4 precipitation, dissolution, balance Deposition and dissolution are in equilibrium; If there is a solid in solution, the amount of precipitation is reduced until the equilibrium state of deposition and dissolution is reached. 2, (1) dissolution and formation of precipitation In the solution of insoluble electrolyte, precipitation will be produced at that time. Therefore, precipitation agent can be added to precipitate precipitation, which is a common method for separation and impurity removal. Such as, and so on as precipitation agent, so that certain metal ions such as the formation of extremely insoluble sulfide CuS, HgS and other precipitation. At that time, it would precipitate and dissolve. Common methods are: A. acid alkali dissolution method. Adding acids or bases to the corresponding ions in the dissolved equilibrium system reduces the ionic concentration and moves the balance toward the direction of dissolution. Soluble in acids, as insoluble in water. B. occurs in oxidation-reduction reactions, causing precipitation to dissolve. Some metal sulfides such as CuS and HgS, its solubility is very small, in its saturated solution is very small, not dissolved in non oxidizing acid, only soluble in oxidizing acid (such as nitric acid, aqua regia, etc.) is oxidized to reduce its concentration, and achieve the purpose of dissolution precipitation. This method is suitable for those with obvious oxidizing or reducing insoluble substances. C. produces complexes that precipitate to dissolve A suitable complexing agent is added to the dissolution equilibrium system to produce a stable complex of the ion in the solution to reduce its ionic concentration and thereby precipitate and dissolve it. If dissolved, AgCl can be added to the ammonia to generate and di