业答辩ppt模板-中国矿业大学.pptVIP

第九章 4) 重复英语中作先行词的名词。英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系代词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。如： a) The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了。 b) May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its communist party, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world. 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。 英语中的同位语，在译文中也要重复先行词，如： a) Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。 b) All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess’ ultimate prize. 所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。 * * * * Repetition 重复法 Grammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetorical or significant repetition can also be found in English. Generally what is repeated in Chinese may in many cases be substituted(替代)，varied(变换)or omitted(省略)in English. For English repetition, Fowler(1951:218) has this to say in The King’s English: Even when the repetition is a part of the writer’s original plan, consideration is necessary before it can be allowed to pass: it is implied in the terms ”rhetorical” or significant repetition that the words repeated would ordinarily be either varied or left out; the repetition, that is to say, is more or less abnormal, and whatever is abnormal may be objectionable in a single instance, and is likely to become so if it occurs frequently. 1. 一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局，一个地球有一个地球的全局。 译文：A locality has its own over-all interest; a nation has another and the earth yet another. (nominal) 2. 你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。 译文：You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. (clausal substit