实验一 有机物熔点的测定（Experiment 1 Determination of melting point of organic matter）.docVIP

实验一 有机物熔点的测定（Experiment 1 Determination of melting point of organic matter） Experiment 1 Determination of melting point of organic matter Melting point (melting, point) means the temperature at which a solid phase coexists with a liquid at equilibrium at atmospheric pressure at 1. According to this definition, the actual measurement, first heating amount of solid powder sample in capillary, observing the specimen from the initial melting temperature range to complete liquefaction. Thus, the resulting melting point is called the point melting (capillary). The melting point known in the general organic chemistry literature is the melting point of such a capillary. The melting point is important one of the physical properties of solid material, and can be used for detection and identification of the purity of the compounds. When solids contain impurities, they reduce the melting point and increase the range of melting, i.e., the temperature range from the initial melting to the complete liquefaction. The determination of melting point is one of the basic operations in organic chemistry experiment. The melting point of commonly occurring solid organic compounds is shown in table 1.1. Table 1.1 melting points of common solid organic compounds Compound melting point (DEG C) Benzoic acid benzoic acid 122.4 Urea urea 132.7 Cholesterol cholesterol 148.5 Salicylic acid 157~159 salicylic acid (from The, Merck, index, 11th.ed) A device that measures the melting point usually has the following conditions: A convenient heat source is needed, and a Bunsen burner or an electric heater is generally used. The heat medium used must be stable during heating to control the rise or fall of the sample temperature. Liquids with high thermal stability and high boiling point are often used, such as silicone oil, glycerin, or salad oil, so that the heat is dispersed evenly without causing too much temperature change. The temperature around the sample should be uniform so that the sample tempe