实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Experiment 1 (determination of melting point) (capillary method)）.docVIP

实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Experiment 1 (determination of melting point) (capillary method)） Experiment 1 (determination of melting point) (capillary method) First, the purpose of the experiment 1. Understand the significance of melting point determination. 2. Grasp the operation of determining the melting point by capillary method. Two. Basic principles The melting point of matter is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance reach equilibrium at atmospheric pressure TM. When the temperature is high TM, all solid phases will be transformed into liquid phase; if less than TM, the liquid phase will change into solid phase. Pure solid material usually has a fixed melting point, but under certain pressure, the change between the solid-liquid phase is very sensitive to temperature, from the beginning of melting (initial solution) to complete melting (melting) temperature range (melting process) is small, generally not more than 0.5 - 1 C. If the substance contains impurities, its melting point is often lower than the melting point of pure material, and the melting process is larger. Therefore, the determination of melting point is often used to identify and qualitatively determine the purity of a substance. If the mixture samples for the determination of melting point of two kinds of different organic materials (such as the cinnamic acid and urea), their melting point is 133 DEG C, but all of them equally, then measured the melting point is much lower than 133 DEG C, and the melting range is larger. This phenomenon is called a mixed melting point drop. This experiment is called the mixed melting point experiment. It is a simple physical method to test whether the two organic compounds with the same melting point or the same amount are the same substance. The melting point determination by capillary method is simple, actually this is not a method to measure temperature, but the melting range, the result is often higher than the true melting point, but as