自然地理基础知识（Basic knowledge of physical geography）.docVIP

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自然地理基础知识（Basic knowledge of physical geography）.doc

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自然地理基础知识（Basic knowledge of physical geography）

自然地理基础知识（Basic knowledge of physical geography） (1) calculation of scale enlargement and reduction: When the scale is enlarged to N times, the enlarged scale is: the original scale * n The scale is enlarged by N times, the enlarged scale of the original scale: X (n 1) When the original scale is reduced to 1/n, the scaled scale is: the original scale * 1/n The original scale reduced 1/n, reduced after the scale: the original scale x (11/n) (2) large scale, narrow the area of the picture after the change: Large scale (shrink) after the picture area to enlarge (shrink) multiples, the scale is enlarged (or out) to times square. The scaling of a scale refers to the contraction of the length, the reduction of the width of a picture, the reduction of the area of an area. (3) the latitude and longitude network scale computation: Using the ratio between the distance between the two points on the same meridian and the latitude difference * 111 km. (4) scale = distance on the map / field distance. (unity of units) 2. Calculation of latitude and longitude network distance (1) the longitude at the equator is 1 degrees, and the arc length is 111 km. (2) the arc length corresponding to 1 degrees latitude on the longitude is 111 km. (3) the latitude of latitude is 1, and the corresponding arc length is 111 x cos km. 3. Calculation of altitude and relative height (1) the altitude is the distance from a point to the sea level. (2) the relative height is the vertical distance of one place relative to another. The contour map of any two relative height calculation: (n-1) d H (n+1) d The calculated height of Cliff: (n-1) d H (n+1) d Calculating the height of the cliff top elevation: A = H A+ D At the bottom of the cliff to calculate altitude: B - dH = B [n represents the number of different contour lines between the two places, D represents the equal height distance, and A represents the maximum elevation in the contour line of the cliff top coincidence, and B represents the minimum ele