rapid evolution of the sequences and gene repertoires of secreted proteins in bacteria快速进化的序列和基因能分泌蛋白在细菌.pdfVIP

Rapid Evolution of the Sequences and Gene Repertoires of Secreted Proteins in Bacteria Teresa Nogueira1,2,3., Marie Touchon4,5., Eduardo P. C. Rocha4,5* ˆ 1 Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Evolutionary Ecology of Microorganisms, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2 Instituto Gulbenkian de ˆ ˜ ´ ´ ´ Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal, 3 Centro de Investigac¸ao em Saude e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude do Porto, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, Vila Nova de ´ ´ ´ ´ Gaia, Portugal, 4 Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Departement Genomes et Genetique, Paris, France, 5 CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France Abstract Proteins secreted to the extracellular environment or to the periphery of the cell envelope, the secretome, play essential roles in foraging, antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. We hypothesize that arms races, genetic conflicts and varying selective pressures should lead to the rapid change of sequences and gene repertoires of the secretome. The analysis of 42 bacterial pan-genomes shows that secreted, and especially extracellular proteins, are predominantly encoded in the accessory genome, i.e. among genes not ubiquitous within the clade. Genes encoding outer membrane proteins might engage more frequently in intra-chromosomal gene conversion because they are more often in multi-genic families. The gene sequences encoding the secretome evolve faster than the rest of the genome and in particular at non-synonymous positions. Cell wall proteins in Firmicutes evolv