rapidly measuring the speed of unconscious learning amnesics learn quickly and happy people slowly快速测量的速度慢慢无意识学习失忆症快速学习和快乐的人.pdfVIP

Rapidly Measuring the Speed of Unconscious Learning: Amnesics Learn Quickly and Happy People Slowly 1 2 3 Zoltan Dienes *, Roland J. Baddeley , Ashok Jansari 1 School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, 2 School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 3 School of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom Abstract Background: We introduce a method for quickly determining the rate of implicit learning. Methodology/Principal Findings: The task involves making a binary prediction for a probabilistic sequence over 10 minutes; from this it is possible to determine the influence of events of a different number of trials in the past on the current decision. This profile directly reflects the learning rate parameter of a large class of learning algorithms including the delta and Rescorla-Wagner rules. To illustrate the use of the method, we compare a person with amnesia with normal controls and we compare people with induced happy and sad moods. Conclusions/Significance: Learning on the task is likely both associative and implicit. We argue theoretically and demonstrate empirically that both amnesia and also transient negative moods can be associated with an especially large learning rate: People with amnesia can learn quickly and happy people slowly. Citation: Dienes Z, Baddeley RJ, Jansari A (2012) Rapidly Measuring the Speed of Unconscious Learning: Amnesics Learn Quickly and Happy People Slowly. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033400 Editor: Leonardo Fontenelle, Institute of Psychiatry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Received September 23, 2011; Accepted February 13, 2012; Published March 23, 2012 Copyright: