risky decisions and their consequences neural processing by boys with antisocial substance disorder风险决策及其后果由男孩具有反社会物质障碍神经处理.pdfVIP

Risky Decisions and Their Consequences: Neural Processing by Boys with Antisocial Substance Disorder 1 1 1 2 3 Thomas J. Crowley *, Manish S. Dalwani , Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson , Yiping P. Du , Carl W. Lejuez , Kristen M. Raymond1, Marie T. Banich2,4 1 Substance Dependence Division, Psychiatry Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America, 2 Brain Imaging Center, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America, 3 Psychology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 4 Institute of Cognitive Science, Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America Abstract Background: Adolescents with conduct and substance problems (‘‘Antisocial Substance Disorder’’ (ASD)) repeatedly engage in risky antisocial and drug-using behaviors. We hypothesized that, during processing of risky decisions and resulting rewards and punishments, brain activation would differ between abstinent ASD boys and comparison boys. Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared 20 abstinent adolescent male patients in treatment for ASD with 20 community controls, examining rapid event-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In 90 decision trials participants chose to make either a cautious response that earned one cent, or a risky response that would either gain 5 cents or lose 10 cents; odds of losing increased as the game progressed. We also examined those times when subjects experienced wins, or separately losses, from their risky choices. We contrasted decision trials against very similar comparison trials