selection in coastal synechococcus (cyanobacteria) populations evaluated from environmental metagenomes选择在沿海聚球藻属(蓝藻)种群评估环境基因组.pdfVIP

Selection in Coastal Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria) Populations Evaluated from Environmental Metagenomes 1¤ 2 3 1 Vera Tai , Art F. Y. Poon , Ian T. Paulsen , Brian Palenik * 1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 2 British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/ AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 3 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Environmental metagenomics provides snippets of genomic sequences from all organisms in an environmental sample and are an unprecedented resource of information for investigating microbial population genetics. Current analytical methods, however, are poorly equipped to handle metagenomic data, particularly of short, unlinked sequences. A custom analytical pipeline was developed to calculate dN/dS ratios, a common metric to evaluate the role of selection in the evolution of a gene, from environmental metagenomes sequenced using 454 technology of flow-sorted populations of marine Synechococcus, the dominant cyanobacteria in coastal environments. The large majority of genes (98%) have evolved under purifying selection (dN/dS,1). The metagenome sequence coverage of the reference genomes was not uniform and genes that were highly represented in the environment (i.e. high read coverage) tended to be more evolutionarily conserved. Of the genes that may have evolved under positive selection (dN/dS.1), 77 out of 83 (93%) were hypothetical. Notable among annotated genes, ribosomal protein L35 appears to be under positive selection in one Synechococcus population. Other annotated genes, in particular a possible porin, a large-conductance mechanosensitive channel, an