经：隐公四年，春，戊申，卫州吁弑其君完.docVIP

「戊申，衛州吁弒其君完」考辨 ──以《四庫全書?春秋類》為範圍 A Textual Study of “In the Day of Wu-shen, Zhouxu of Wei Committed Regicide on his lord Wan.” within the scope of the spring and Autumn Annals, Classics, Siku Quanshu 余蕙靜Yu,Hui-Ching 蘭陽技術學院通識教育中心副教授 Associate Professor General Education Center Lan-Yang Institute of Technology 摘 要 《四庫全書?經部?春秋》歷來諸家對「戊申，衛州吁弒其君完。」該句經文有不同看法，主要分歧意見計有戊申、稱衛、不書公子、及書弒等四類，諸家提出的理由可歸納為義例、孔子據赴告而書(亦即舊史)及褒貶等三方面。本文即歸納清代以前各家註解之說，對照《春秋》經文其它相關內容，將四類分歧見解還原其各類真正意涵，以廓清自漢代以降，經文為後代學者誤讀之例。 關鍵詞：四庫全書、春秋、戊申、弒 Abstract There have been various views held by scholars in the section of Spring and Autumn Annals(Chunqiu) in Classics(jing), Siku Quanshu on the connotation of the sentence “In the year of Wu-shen, Zhouxu of Wei committed regicide on his lord Wan.” The major differences in interpretation lies in four categories：1. the meaning of “Wu-shen”; 2. the mention of Wei; 3. the truth that Zhouxu’s being the Duke’s son not mentioned; and 4. the use of the word “regicide” (shi)’s. Most of the scholars corroborate their own views by the following three considerations: the stylistic rules governing the writing of the Annals, that Confucius based his record on immediate obituaries, and that Confucius made appraisals of people in his Annals. This article summarizes annotations made by different schools down to the Qing Dynasty in comparison to passages in the Spring and Autumn Annals related to the sentence under analysis with am aim to clarify the real meaning of the above-mentioned sentence as well as to dispel misinterpretations of various sorts by scholars from the Han Dynasty onward. Key words：Siku Quanshu, Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), Wu-shen, regicide (shi) 壹、前言 周文化發展到了春秋時期，由於王室東遷，對各地諸侯的影響力大不如前，繼以社會混亂，戰爭頻仍，禮制大壞，即使貴為諸侯，利害當前，父子反目、君臣互殺的情形時有所見，《春秋》成書背景既為「臣弒其君、子弒其父」的時代，在這些弒君的事件中，又以隱公四年州吁弒君為首例，本文欲以《四庫全書?經部?春秋》所收錄《春秋左傳正義》至《春秋繁露》一百一十四部篇章中，探討至清初為止，歷來諸家對「戊申，衛州吁弒其君完。」的不同看法提出評論，至於近現代學者的意見，因時間因素，只得俟諸來日，再做研究。 貳、「戊申，衛州吁弒其君完」語句說明 一、史事背景： 有關《春秋》經文「隱公四年，春，戊申，衛州吁弒其君完。」的史事，見以下記