第一章_家畜生殖内返闹泌学.pptVIP

动物生殖内分泌 倪和民 2013.09 ; 第一节 内分泌学概述 一、内分泌学的基本概念 一、Basic concepts of Endocrinology (一 ) 内分泌（endocrine）：腺体或组织细胞分泌一种或多种生物活性物质，这些物质在局部或通过血液运输，到达某一激素敏感的靶器官或靶组织，调节其分泌或代谢功能，这种现象称为内分泌。 It ‘s a phenomena that one or more biologically active substances which released from endocrine tissue or glands into the bloodstream that attach to target tissue and regulate many functions of secretion or metabolism. 内分泌学（endocrinology）：研究内分泌现象及其本质的科学。 It’s a science of studying the phenomena and essence of endocrine。;细胞外信息传递的方式共6类There are six modes of Intercellular communication. (1) 内分泌: 经血液循环传递。大多数激素以这种方式传播。(1) Endocrine: The hormones transmit through the blood circulation. Most hormones spread in this way.;(2) 旁分泌： 经组织液直接作用于邻近的细胞(2) Paracrine : The hormones directly act on the adjacent cells.;（3）自分泌: 作用于分泌细胞自身 (3) Autocrine: The hormones are released and act on the cell that secreted them;(4)近分泌或并置分泌：需要细胞与细胞的接触。膜结合细胞因子与邻近细胞（靶细胞）的受体相作用(4) Juxtacrine: Involving specific cell-to-cell contacts. The interaction of membrane-bound forms with their receptors on an adjacent cell ;（5）胞内分泌：某些细胞因子分泌后很快内化，与其自身内部受体作用 (5) Intracrine : Steroid hormones act through intracellular receptors , and hormones act within the cell that produces them（6）逆分泌：可溶性受体与远端靶细胞上正常分泌的膜结合细胞因子相互作用 (6) Rertocrine: soluble forms of receptors that are normally a component of the cell surface membrane interact with distant target cells by binding to membrane-bound forms of cytokines ;自分泌、旁分泌与内分泌Autocrine、Paracrine and Endocrine;内分泌与外分泌的比较The comparation of Endocrine and Extrocrine;二、内分泌系统的主要生理作用及其调节二、The main physiological action and regulation of endocrine system;(2) 控制能量产生 (2) Regulate the produce of energy (3)控制细胞外液的组成和容量 (3) Regulate the composition and capacity of extracellular fluid 2. 调节机体与外界环境的相对平衡 2. Regulate the relative balance of organism and external environment 3. 调节生殖功能 3. Regulate the Reproductive functions;(二)内分泌系统的调节作用 (二) The regulating action of endocrine system 1.内分泌腺功能