第三讲 带间吸收.pptVIP

* 课程内容 绪论 经典传播 带间吸收和发光 自由电子、激子、分子材料 发光中心 发光材料的若干应用（自学） * Interband transitions The transition rate for direct absorption Band edge absorption in direct gap semiconductors Band edge absorption in indirect gap semiconductors Interband absorption above the band edge Measurement of absorption spectra 第三讲 Interband absorption * Interband transitions Isolated atoms Discrete energies Sharp lines in the absorption spectra solid Energy band (delocalized state) Continuous absorption band For semiconductor or insulator, photon excites electron from filled valence to the empty conduction band, the transition energy is There is a threshold ?? Eg= (Ef — Ei)min (band edge absorption) There is a continuous range of frequency The selection rules and the Pauli exclusion principle must allow these transitions Creation of an electron-hole pair; * Photon absorption Absorption and emission of phonon Direct and Indirect band gap In a direct band material, both the conduction band minimum and the valence band minimum occur at the Brillouin zone centre where k = 0. (band edge absorption :a photon absorption process) In a indirect band gap material, the conduction band minimum does not occur at k = 0, but is usually at the zone edge or close to it. (band edge absorption must involve a phonon) * Interband transitions The transition rate for direct absorption Band edge absorption in direct gap semiconductors Band edge absorption in indirect gap semiconductors Interband absorption above the band edge Measurement of absorption spectra 第三讲 Interband absorption * The transition rate for direct absorption The optical absorption coefficient ? is determined by the quantum mechanical transition rate Wi-f for exciting an electron in an initial quantum state ?i to a final state ?f by absorption of a photon of angular frequency ?. (Fermi’s golden rule) the matrix element M, the joint density of states g(??). The transition rate thus depends on two factors: * the matrix element