高中英语-语法精讲-定语从句实用学案.docVIP

语法 语法精讲——定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。　　定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。　　引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose）和关系副词when, where, why. 关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。一、关系代词的选择关系代词的选择，主要是指that和who，that和which，as和which这三对关系代词的选择。1．关系代词that的使用场合（1）一般说来，先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few等，关系代词应用that。如：　　 Thats all(that) I know.　　 Everything that can be done is done.（2）先行词之前有all, any, every, no, little, much, only, very等修饰时，关系代词应用that。如：　　 Hell read all the books that are sold here.　　 Ask any questions (that) you dont understand.（3）在以疑问句who开始的句子中，避免两个who重复，用that。如：　　 Who is the man that is shouting there?　　 正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？（4）当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。如：　　 Its a song that is very popular.　　 它是一首很流行的歌。　　 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.　　 我的家乡已不是过去那样的地方了。　　 She is not the girl that she was three years ago.　　 她已不是三年前的那个女孩了。（5）先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。如；　　 Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens.　　 唐国强已成为中国荧屏上最好的演员之一。（6）先行词人和物两者都有时，要用that。如；　　 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.　　 他谈起他拜访过的老师和学校。（7）当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。如：　　 There is a seat in the corner that is still free.（8）关系代词与the same(指同一人/物)连用时，只能用that。如：　　 This is the same person that I met yesterday.　　 这就是我昨天遇到过的同一个人。　　 This is the same museum that you once visited.　　 注意：the same…that…结构中的that不能用as代替，因为the same…as…与the same…that…的含义不同。（9）一个句子中有两个定语从句时，如第一个从句中已用who，第二个从句中宜用that。如：　　 The man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army.　　 桌边的那个人是他曾当过兵的哥哥。（10）当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。如；　　 Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.　　 但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。如：　　 He told me to read a book that is very short, and that is very interesting.2．关系代词who的使用场合（1）who可以代表人、人格化了的动物、神话故事中的人物或有生命的事物。如：　　 The dog who is barking