2015年10月10日托福阅读真题及解析.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 2015年10月10日托福阅读真题及解析 第一篇： 洋流 海水在季风和地转偏向力(Coriolis Force)的作用下产生洋流，洋流 分为上下两层。上层温暖密度小，下层含盐多密度大，这两层各自流动 不混合。 上层带着温暖海水向两极流动，在极地地区变冷，结冰使得盐分析 出，密度变大而下沉成为下层洋流。下层洋流流回赤道。 两层混合的地方发生在风与海岸平行的地方，这里的风在地转偏向 力的作用下把上层洋流推离海岸，于是下层洋流向上补充。洋流混合对 生态有很大作用，因为把海洋生物死亡后沉到下层然后被分解的营养带 到上层。滋养植物-浮游生物-更高级消费者。 洋流对流经的地区的气候有重要英雄。 洋流还与全球气候变暖联系在一起，因为二氧化碳可以溶在海水里 然后沉淀到海底。 解析：本文属于地理地质类文章 ，讲述的是洋流的形成过程。地理 地质类文章属于托福阅读中不太陌生的话题，但是从机经判断 ，本文属 于流程类讲解方式 ，流程类文章在托福阅读里不是很常见 ，而且出现时 ，往往对学员的逻辑性考核较强 ，在备考时需要额外关注。类似流程类 文章可以参考TPO18的Lightning. 参考阅读： Lightning is a brilliant flash of light produced by an electrical discharge from a storm cloud. The electrical discharge takes place when the attractive tension between a region of negatively charged particles and a region of positively charged particles becomes so great that the charged particles suddenly rush together. The coming together of the oppositely charged particles neutralizes the electrical tension and releases a tremendous amount of energy, which we see as lightning. The separation of positively and negatively charged particles takes place during the development of the storm cloud. The separation of charged particles that forms in a storm cloud has a sandwich-like structure. Concentrations of positively charged particles develop at the top and bottom of the cloud, but the middle region becomes negatively charged. Recent measurements made in the field together with laboratory simulations offer a promising explanation of how this structure of charged particles forms. What happens is that small (millimeter-to centimeter-size) pellets of ice form in the cold upper regions of the cloud. When these ice pellets fall, some of them strike much smaller ice crystals in the center of the cloud. The temperature at the center of the cloud is about -15℃ or lower. At such temperatures, the collision between the ice pellets and the ice crystals causes elec