25-概率统计模型.pptVIP

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  • 2017-09-20 发布于河北
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25-概率统计模型.ppt

试通过如下的具体问题给出一般的零件参数设计方法: 粒子分离器某参数( y )由7个零件的参数( x1,x2,…,x7 )决定,经验公式为: y 的目标值( y0 )为1.50.当 y 偏离y0±0.1时,产品为次品,质量损失为1000元;当y偏离y0±0.3时,产品为废品,损失为9000元. 100 25 / [0.5625,0.935] x7 100 25 10 [12,20] x6 / / 50 [1.125,1.875] x5 500 100 50 [0.075.0.125] x4 200 50 20 [0.075.0.125] x3 / 50 20 [0.225,0.375] x2 / 25 / [0.075,0.125] x1 A等 B等 C等 标定值容许范围 A等为±l%,B等为±5%,C等为±l0%, 现进行成批生产,每批产量1000个,在原设计中,7个零件参数的标定值为: x1=0.1, x2=0.3,x3=0.1 x4=0.1, x5=1.5 x6=16, x7=0.75; 容差均取最便宜的等级。 请你综合考虑 y 偏离 y0 造成的损失和零件成本,重新设计零件参数(包括标定值和容差),并与原设计比较,总费用降低了多少。 损失函数 1 损失函数 2 基本模型 * * 概率统计模型 数学建模系列讲座之一 几个概率分布 几个数学模型 均匀分布 (一维连续型) (二维连续型) (多维连续型) 使用场合: 1)该问题具有某种均匀性; 2)该问题无任何先验信息。 二项分布 设试验 E 只有两个结果:A和  ,记: 独立地重复 n 次。 记作: 只有两个结果:A和  , 使用场合: 独立地重复 n 次。 Poission 分布 使用场合: 具有: 平稳性 独立增量性 普通性 正态分布(normal) y 三倍标准差原则: 可以认为,Y 的取值几乎全部集中在 区间内。 使用场合: 满足中心极限定理条件。 其中 均为常数,且 二维正态分布 Airline Overbooking(2002 MCM) Youre all packed and ready to go on a trip to visit your best friend in New York City. After you check in at the ticket counter, the airline clerk announces that your fright has been overbooked passengers need to check in immediately to determine if they still have a seat. Historically, airlines know that only a certain percentage of passengers who have made reservations on a particular flight will actually take that flight. Consequently, most airlines overbook —— that is, they take more reservations than the capacity of the aircraft. Occasionally, more passengers will want to take a flight than the capacity of the plane, leading to one or more passengers being bumped and thus unable to take the flight for which they had reservations. Airlines deal with bumped passengers in various ways. Some are given nothing, some are booked on later flights on other airlines, and some are given some kind of cash or airline ticket incentive. Consider the overbooking issue in light of the current situation: fewer flights by airlines from point A to point B; heightened security at and around airports, pa

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