膳食平衡指数法对医学生膳食结构调查及分析.docVIP

膳食平衡指数法对医学生膳食结构调查及分析 　【摘要】 　　目的：了解兰州市医学生膳食营养状况，为开展营养教育提供科学依据。方法：采用整群抽样方法对249名医学生进行回顾法膳食调查，采用膳食平衡指数法进行分析。结果：医学生谷类、水果、豆类、奶类、蛋类均高于全国平均水平，蔬菜和肉类摄入量低于全国水平。膳食平衡指数法发现调查对象的主要膳食问题是动物性食物、蔬菜水果、奶类摄入不足，食物种类摄入单一。结论：有必要对医学生开展针对性的营养教育，增加蔬菜水果、奶类、豆类和动物瘦肉类的摄入，以改善该人群营养状况。 【关键词】 医学生 膳食平衡指数法 膳食结构 　　A Survey and Analysis of Dietary Structure by the Method of Diet Balance Index of Medical Students 　　Abstract Objective：To understand the status about the dietary of the medical students in colleges and to provide the scientific proof for the nutritional education.Methods：The medical students were randomly selected by cluster sampling and investigated with a dietary survey of the 3-day continuous 24-hour reviewed method and analyzed by the method of diet balance index. Results： The average intakes of cereal, fruit, milk and bean were more than the degree of investigation of Chinese population. The average intakes of vegetable and meat were less than the degree of the investigation of Chinese population. The way of Dietary Balance Index found inadequate intake was the main dietary problem, mainly animal food, fruit, vegetable and milk. Types of food were inadequately. Conclusion： It ought to carry out nutritional education in the light of the shortcomings in dietary. It should increase the intake of vegetables, fruitages, milk, legumes and lean meats to improve Nutritional status of medical students. 　　Key words Medical students;Dietary structure;Diet balance index 　　膳食平衡指数法(Diet Balance Index, DBI)［１］是依据中国居民膳食指南，结合中国居民膳食特点及问题特征制定的评分体系。我们对兰州市医学生进行了膳食调查，并用膳食平衡指数法进行分析，旨在了解其膳食摄入状况，发现问题，提出建议。 　　1 调查对象和方法 　　1.1 对象和方法 　　整群抽样选取兰州市某医学院校医学生249人，采用3 d 24 h膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,由调查员采用面对面方式对调查对象进行询问。 　　1.2 DBI评价指标 　　DBI总分(DBI-TS)、膳食质量距(DBI-DQD)、正端分(DBI-HBS)、负端分(DBI-LBS)。 　　1.3 质量控制 　　调查表设计中精选并统一定义调查项目，使其能客观、具体、量化、通俗易懂地加以表达。培训调查员，按照统一规范的方法询问和操作。 　　1.4 数据处理 　　膳食调查结果借助营养分析软件“营养之星专家系统（综合版） Version1.0”进行分析。 　　2 结果 　　2.1 调查对象一般情况 　　本次调查共249人，其中男生100人，女生149人。 　　2.2 调查对象食物摄入量 　　2.2.1 调查对象食物摄入量与推荐摄入量比较，发现谷类、豆类摄入量低于