a systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments系统回顾的证据的额外好处健康暴露于自然环境中.pdfVIP

Bowler et al. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:456 /1471-2458/10/456 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments * Diana E Bowler, Lisette M Buyung-Ali, Teri M Knight, Andrew S Pullin Abstract Background: There is increasing interest in the potential role of the natural environment in human health and well-being. However, the evidence-base for specific and direct health or well-being benefits of activity within natural compared to more synthetic environments has not been systematically assessed. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to collate and synthesise the findings of studies that compare measurements of health or well-being in natural and synthetic environments. Effect sizes of the differences between environments were calculated and meta-analysis used to synthesise data from studies measuring similar outcomes. Results: Twenty-five studies met the review inclusion criteria. Most of these studies were crossover or controlled trials that investigated the effects of short-term exposure to each environment during a walk or run. This included ‘natural’ environments, such as public parks and green university campuses, and synthetic environments, such as indoor and outdoor built environments. The most common outcome measures were scores of different self- reported emotions. Based on these data, a meta-analysis provided some evidence of a positive benefit of a walk or run in a natural environment in comparison to a synthetic environment. There was also some support for greater attention after exposure to a natural environment but not after adjusting effect sizes for pretest differences. Meta- analysis of data on blood pressure and cortisol concent