原创力文档are mimics monophyletic the necessity of phylogenetic hypothesis tests in character evolution是模拟单元系统发育进化假说测试角色的必要性.pdfVIP
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are mimics monophyletic the necessity of phylogenetic hypothesis tests in character evolution是模拟单元系统发育进化假说测试角色的必要性
Oliver and Prudic BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:239
/1471-2148/10/239
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Are mimics monophyletic? The necessity of
phylogenetic hypothesis tests in character
evolution
*
Jeffrey C Oliver , Kathleen L Prudic
Abstract
Background: The processes governing the origin and maintenance of mimetic phenotypes can only be
understood in a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic estimates of evolutionary relationships can provide a
context for analyses of character evolution; however, when phylogenetic estimates conflict, rigorous analyses of
alternative evolutionary histories are necessary to determine the likelihood of a specific history giving rise to the
observed pattern of diversity. The polyphenic butterfly Limenitis arthemis provides a case in point. This species is
comprised of three lineages, two of which are mimetic and one of which is non-mimetic. Conflicting estimates of
the relationships among these three lineages requires direct evaluation of the alternative hypotheses of mimicry
evolution.
Results: Using a coalescent framework, we found support for a sister-taxon relationship between the non-mimetic
L. a. arthemis and the mimetic L. a. astyanax, congruent with the previous hypothesis that the non-mimetic form
of L. a. arthemis was derived from a mimetic ancestor. We found no support for a mimetic clade (L. a. astyanax +
L. a. arizonensis) despite analyzing numerous models of population structure.
Conclusions: These results provide the foundation for future studies of mimicry, which should integrate
phylogenetic and developmental analyses of wing pattern formation. We propose future analyses of character
evolution accommodate conflicting phylogenetic estimates by explicitly testing alternative evolutionary hypotheses.
Background
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