marine antimalarials海洋抗疟药.pdfVIP

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7, 130-152; doi:10.3390/md7020130 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review Marine Antimalarials * Ernesto Fattorusso and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy. E-Mail: fattoru@unina.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: scatagli@unina.it Received: 7 April 2009; in revised form: 20 April 2009 / Accepted: 22 April 2009 / Published: 23 April 2009 Abstract: Malaria is an infectious disease causing at least 1 million deaths per year, and, unfortunately, the chemical entities available to treat malaria are still too limited. In this review we highlight the contribution of marine chemistry in the field of antimalarial research by reporting the most important results obtained until the beginning of 2009, with particular emphasis on recent discoveries. About 60 secondary metabolites produced by marine organisms have been grouped into three structural types and discussed in terms of their reported antimalarial activities. The major groups of metabolites include isonitrile derivatives, alkaloids and endoperoxide derivatives. The following discussion evidences that antimalarial marine molecules can efficiently integrate the panel of lead compounds isolated from terrestrial sources w