mycotoxin contamination of beverages occurrence of patulin in apple juice and ochratoxin a in coffee, beer and wine and their control methods霉菌毒素的污染饮料发生苹果汁中棒曲霉素和赭曲霉毒素a的咖啡、啤酒和葡萄酒及其控制方法.pdfVIP

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mycotoxin contamination of beverages occurrence of patulin in apple juice and ochratoxin a in coffee, beer and wine and their control methods霉菌毒素的污染饮料发生苹果汁中棒曲霉素和赭曲霉毒素a的咖啡、啤酒和葡萄酒及其控制方法.pdf

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mycotoxin contamination of beverages occurrence of patulin in apple juice and ochratoxin a in coffee, beer and wine and their control methods霉菌毒素的污染饮料发生苹果汁中棒曲霉素和赭曲霉毒素a的咖啡、啤酒和葡萄酒及其控制方法

Toxins 2010, 2, 229-261; doi:10.3390/toxins2020229 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages: Occurrence of Patulin in Apple Juice and Ochratoxin A in Coffee, Beer and Wine and Their Control Methods Kasa R. N. Reddy 1,*, Hamed K. Abbas 2,*, Craig A. Abel 3, Wayne Thomas Shier 4 and 1 Baharuddin Salleh 1 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail: sallehb@usm.my (B.S.) 2 National Biological Control Laboratory, Crop Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 59 Lee Rd., PO Box 67, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA 3 Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Room 401, Genetics Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; E-Mail: craig.abel@ (C.A.A.) 4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St., SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; E-Mail: shier001@ (W.-T.S.) * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: drkrnreddy@ (K.R.N.R.); Hamed.Abbas@ (H.-K.A.); Tel.: +604-6534001 (K.R.N.R.); 1-662-686- 5313 (H.-K.A.); Mobile: +6016-4341403 (K.R.N.R.); Fax: 1-662-686-5281 (H.-K.A.). Received: 10 December 2009; in revised form: 18 January 2010 / Accepted: 21 January 2010 / Published: 2 February 2010 Abstract: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced under special conditions of moisture and temperature by aerobic, microscopic fungi that can colonize a variety of