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myocardial opioid receptors in conditioning and cytoprotection心肌阿片受体在调节和cytoprotection
Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4, 470-484; doi:10.3390/ph4030470
OPEN ACCESS
pharmaceuticals
ISSN 1424-8247
/journal/pharmaceuticals
Review
Myocardial Opioid Receptors in Conditioning and Cytoprotection
Grant Williams-Pritchard, John P. Headrick and Jason N. Peart *
Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith University, PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail Centre, QLD 9726,
Australia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: j.peart@.au;
Tel.: +61-7-5552-8357; Fax: +61-7-5552-8802.
Received: 25 January 2011; in revised form: 23 February 2011 / Accepted: 28 February 2011 /
Published: 4 March 2011
Abstract: Opioid compounds and G-protein coupled opioid receptors (ORs) have been
studied widely in terms of central nervous system (CNS) actions relating to pain
management and drug abuse. Opioids are also linked to induction of mammalian
hibernation, a natural state of tolerance involving prolonged and orchestrated shifts in
cellular metabolism, growth and stress resistance. It is not surprising then that OR agonism
induces acute or delayed cytoprotective states in myocardium, rendering ORs an attractive
target for protection of cardiac tissue from the potentially fatal consequences of ischemic
heart disease. Cardiac ORs are implicated in triggering/mediating so-called ‘conditioning’
responses, in which powerful cytoprotection arises following transient receptor ligation
prior to or immediately following ischemic insult. These responses i
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