natural chlorophyll-related porphyrins and chlorins for dye-sensitized solar cells自然chlorophyll-related卟啉色素增感太阳能电池和氯.pdfVIP

Molecules 2012, 17, 4484-4497; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Natural Chlorophyll-Related Porphyrins and Chlorins for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Xiao-Feng Wang 1,* and Osamu Kitao 2 1 Research Center for Organic Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan 2 Energy Technology Research Institute and Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: xf-wang@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Received: 13 March 2012; in revised form: 5 April 2012 / Accepted: 6 April 2012 / Published: 13 April 2012 Abstract: Natural-chlorophyll-related porphyrins, including (2H, Zn, Cu)-protoporphyrin IX (Por-1) and Zn-mesoporphyrin IX (Por-2), and chlorins, including chlorin e (Chl-1), 6 chlorin e4 (Chl-2), and rhodin G7 (Chl-3), have been used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For porphyrin sensitizers that have vinyl groups at the β-positions, zinc coordinated Por-1 gives the highest solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency () of up to 2.9%. Replacing the vinyl groups of ZnPor-1 with ethyl groups increases the open-circuit voltage ( V