on connected target coverage for wireless heterogeneous sensor networks with multiple sensing units连接目标覆盖无线异构传感器网络上与多个传感单元.pdfVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 5173-5200; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article On Connected Target Coverage for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks with Multiple Sensing Units Kuei-Ping Shih 1, Der-Jiunn Deng 2, Ruay-Shiung Chang 3,, and Hung-Chang Chen 4 1 Department of Computer Science Information Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamshui 251, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mail: kpshih@.tw 2 Department of Computer Science Information Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan; E-Mail: djdeng@.tw 3 Department of Computer Science Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan 4 Department of Information Technology, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan; E-Mail: gileschen@.tw Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: rschang@.tw; Tel.: +886-3-8632031; Fax: +886-3-8632030 Received: 2 May 2009; in revised form: 14 June 2009 / Accepted: 23 June 2009 / Published: 30 June 2009 Abstract: The paper considers the connected target coverage (CTC) problem in wireless het- erogeneous sensor networks (WHSNs) with multiple sensing units, termed MU-CTC prob- lem. MU-CTC problem can be reduced to a connected set cover problem and further for- mulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. However, the ILP problem is an NP-complete problem. Therefore, two distributed heuristic schemes, REFS (remaining en- ergy first scheme) and EEFS (energy efficiency first scheme), are proposed. In REFS, each sensor considers its remaining energy a