orientational sampling schemes based on four dimensional polytopes基于四维多面体定向抽样方案.pdfVIP

orientational sampling schemes based on four dimensional polytopes基于四维多面体定向抽样方案.pdf

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orientational sampling schemes based on four dimensional polytopes基于四维多面体定向抽样方案

Symmetry 2010, 2, 1423-1449; doi:10.3390/sym2031423 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article Orientational Sampling Schemes Based on Four Dimensional Polytopes Salvatore Mamone , Giuseppe Pileio and Malcolm H. Levitt School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; E-Mails: sm78@soton.ac.uk (S.M.); g.pileio@soton.ac.uk (G.P.) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mhl@soton.ac.uk. Received: 4 February 2010; in revised form: 27 May 2010 / Accepted: 30 June 2010 / Published: 7 July 2010 Abstract: The vertices of regular four-dimensional polytopes are used to generate sets of uniformly distributed three-dimensional rotations, which are provided as tables of Euler angles. The spherical moments of these orientational sampling schemes are treated using group theory. The orientational sampling sets may be used in the numerical computation of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and in spherical tensor analysis procedures. ¨ Keywords: polytope; polychora; group theory; Schlafli symbols; powder averaging; orientational sampling; solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance 1. Introduction In general, physical properties are anisotropic, meaning that they depend on the orientation of the object of interest in three-dimensional space, defined with respect to an external reference frame. For example, the magnetic resonance response of soli

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