reinventing diagnostics for personalized therapy in oncology重塑诊断肿瘤的个性化治疗.pdfVIP

Cancers 2010, 2, 1066-1091; doi:10.3390/cancers2021066 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review Reinventing Diagnostics for Personalized Therapy in Oncology Diponkar Banerjee 1,2,3 1 Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics (CTAG), Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) Laboratories, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 3 Department of Pathology, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z4E6, Canada; E-Mail: dbanerje@bccancer.bc.ca; Tel.: +1-604-877-6074; Fax: +1-604-877-6017 Received: 6 April 2010; in revised form: 15 May 2010 / Accepted: 28 May 2010 / Published: 2 June 2010 Abstract: Human cancers are still diagnosed and classified using the light microscope. The criteria are based upon morphologic observations by pathologists and tend to be subject to interobserver variation. In preoperative biopsies of non-small cell lung cancers, the diagnostic concordance, even amongst experienced pulmonary pathologists, is no better than a coin-toss. Only 25% of cancer patients, on average, benefit from therapy as most therapies do not account for individual factors that influence response or outcome. Unsuccessful first line therapy costs Canada CAN$1.2 billion for the top 14 cancer types, and this extrapolates to $90 billion globally. The availability