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Materials 2010, 3, 1228-1243; doi:10.3390/ma3021228 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 /journal/materials Review Review: Resin Composite Filling Keith H. S. Chan 1,2,*, Yanjie Mai 2, Harry Kim 2, Keith C. T. Tong 2, Desmond Ng 2 and 2 Jimmy C. M. Hsiao 1 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada 2 School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; E-Mails: yanjie.mai@.au (Y.M.); juram.kim@.au (H.K.); keith.tong@.au (K.C.T.T.); desmond.ng@.au (D.N.); jimmy.hsiao@.au (J.C.M.H.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: chankhs@zoology.ubc.ca; Tel.: +1-604-822-3373; Fax: +1-604-822-2416. Received: 7 January 2010; in revised form: 2 February 2010 / Accepted: 9 February 2010 / Published: 19 February 2010 Abstract: The leading cause of oral pain and tooth loss is from caries and their treatment include restoration using amalgam, resin, porcelain and gold, endodontic therapy and extraction. Resin composite restorations have grown popular over the last half a century because it can take shades more similar to enamel. Here, we discuss the history and use of resin, comparison between amalgam and resin, clinical procedures involved and finishing and polishing techniques for resin restoration. Although resin composite has aesthetic advantages over amalgam, one of the major disadvantage include polymerization shrinkage and future research is needed on reac